Letter from Francisca to Januaria (1844)
Letter from Francisca to Januaria (1844)
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In 1844, Princess Francisca gives birth to a baby girl while her husband bombs Morocco.
- Letter from Princess Francisca to her older sister, Januária.
- One leaf, 4 pages.
- In Portuguese.
- +/- 20 cm x 25 cm (the leaf).
- Neuilly, September 1, 1844.
- Excellent state of preservation.
- Unique item.
In 1844, Brazil was undergoing a period of consolidation under the young Emperor Dom Pedro II, facing economic and political challenges. The Alves Branco Tariff was implemented to increase revenue and protect national industry, creating tensions with England, which was also pressuring Brazil to end the slave trade, still common in the country. Although Brazil was recovering from regional revolts, such as the Farroupilha Revolution, which was in its pacification phase, the economy remained centered on agriculture, with coffee gaining prominence. Socially, Brazil remained a stratified society, marked by slavery and the dominance of the landowning elite.
In this letter, Princess Francisca mentions the birth of her daughter, which fills her with joy, and reports on the health of the girl, who is growing rapidly. She also speaks of Joinville, her husband, François d'Orléans, who escaped great danger during the bombardment of Mogador (Morocco).
(...) the birth of my dear daughter who delights me. She looks very much like Joinville, gaining weight every day. I believe that in 15 days she will be a plump baby.
(...) Ask Pedro to show you the letter I wrote to him and where I copied Joinville's letter describing the blockade of Mogador. Fortunately, Joinville was unharmed. They landed in front of the colonists' armies, bullets rained around them, and Honorato was astonished that Cahillia next to him was seen and killed. You see the danger he was in. It was Our Lady who protected him, for it was on the 1st that it took place. The day I was here in such joy, for it was the day of Chiquinha's baptism.
The bombardment of Mogador occurred on August 15, 1844, during the Franco-Moroccan War. This conflict was mainly motivated by the support that the Sultan of Morocco, Abderrahmane, gave to the Algerian leader Abd al-Qadir, who was fighting against the French occupation in Algeria. France, wishing to weaken Moroccan support, launched a military campaign against Morocco. Mogador (today known as Essaouira), an important Moroccan port city, was bombarded by the French navy under the command of the Prince of Joinville (François d'Orléans, son of King Louis Philippe of France). The French fleet bombarded the city and captured its fortified island, resulting in significant damage to the port infrastructure and the local garrison.
This letter is interesting for showing the strong ties between the three siblings, Francisca, Januária and Dom Pedro, with a special focus on Francisca, married in France to François d'Orléans. It also draws attention to the event mentioned, the bombardment of Mogador, which was significant in the military career of Francisca's husband and in the French colonial expansion in North Africa.

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